• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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    • 专利摘要:
    PG20198SEOO 24 ABSTRACT An apparatus (1 ) for application of a liquid medium to seedlings (2) is disclosed, whereinthe seedlings comprises trunks extending in a vertical direction z and are arranged inrows in a culture vessel (3). The apparatus (1) comprising a first aligning means (4)movable in a first horizontal direction x and a displacement means arranged to provide adisplacing movement betNeen the culture vessel (3) and the first aligning means (4),wherein the first aligning means (4) is arranged to be inserted betNeen the rows of theseedlings (2). The apparatus (1) further comprises an application means (5) arranged todeliver the liquid medium to the trunks of the seedlings (2), the application means (5)being movable in the vertical direction z. The application means (5) is arranged to deliverthe liquid medium to the trunks of the seedlings (2) during a vertical movement along the trunks of the seedlings (2). (Fig. 4 to be published)
    公开号:SE1450140A1
    申请号:SE1450140
    申请日:2014-02-10
    公开日:2015-08-11
    发明作者:Andreas Alvehus；Alrik Johansson
    申请人:Södra Skogsägarna Ekonomisk Förening；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PG20198SEOOAN APPARATUS AND A |/IETHOD FOR APPLICATION OF A LIQUID |/|ED|U|/I TOSEEDLINGSTECHNICAL FIELDThe present invention relates to an apparatus for application of a liquid medium toseedlings, said seedlings comprising trunks extending in a vertical direction and beingarranged in rows in a culture vessel, said apparatus comprising a first aligning meansmovable in a first horizontal direction, a displacement means arranged to provide adisplacing movement between said culture vessel and said first aligning means, said firstaligning means being arranged to be inserted between said rows of said seedlings, andan application means arranged to deliver said liquid medium to the trunks of saidseedlings, said application means being movable in the vertical direction. The presentinvention further relates to a method for application of a liquid medium to seedlingsarranged in rows in a culture vessel.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONReforestation is a necessary, and in several countries by law prescribed method toachieve a sustainable forestry. One method is to leave selected seed-trees on the clear-cutting, another method is to plant seedlings after different kinds of soil preparation. Themethods can be used in combination. Planting of seedlings is used to assure that acertain plant density is achieved on the regeneration area.
    Many dangers, e. g. drought and attacks from wild animals and insects, threaten thedevelopment of a managed forest stand. A high rate of survival of the plants meansreduced costs for the reforestation and increased future income.
    Weevils belonging to the family Curcu/ionidae (the true weevils) are beetles known aspests of trees. Large pine weevil (Hy/obius abietis) is a widespread insect and the mostsignificant pest insect in the forest regeneration phase. lts close relatives include e.g.
    Hylobius pinastri and Hylobius a/bosparsus, which are well known pests.
    Large pine weevils swarm in May-June and they lay eggs in the soil, on the bark or cortexof a rotting wood in the vicinity of fresh stumps. The larvae live in the soil in the roots ofstumps under the bark for 2- 5 years and feed on phloem, after which they pupate into theroot's surface part. Once the larva grows up, it tunnels into the soil surface. Adult insectsgnaw the bark on the base of young seedlings and use phloem and cambium for nutrition.
    PG20198SEOO2Large pine weevil's eating habits mostly destroy 1-3-year-old planting seedlings of pinesand spruces, but it is almost omnivorous in terms of woody food plants, making bothconiferous trees and broad-leaved trees its potential nutrition. The eating goes on for theWhole summer but is most intense in the beginning of the summer. Damages in theseedling's bark expose the seedling to funga| damage. ln seedlings where the bark hasbeen eaten annularly around the trunk, the f|uid and nutriment flow is prevented,eventually resu|ting in the death of the seedling. Young seedlings develop a resistanceagainst large pine weevils in Northern regions around the age of 3-5 years. Elsewhere inEurope, e.g. in Scotland, the eating may continue for up to 8-10 years after the planting.
    The length of the large pine weevil's lifecycle varies from one year in Southerndistributions to three years in Northern regions. The large pine weevil adults can be foundall year round, although they usually hibernate during the cold winter months. The adultinsect's movement depends for instance on the climate and the vicinity of the sea. Theinsects move on to a fresh logging opening usually within a 10 kilometer radius, but theycan also fly up to 80 km. Once they get to a suitable breeding ground, their flying musclesatrophy and the insects primarily move about by walking.
    The large pine weevil has spread to the entire Europe and Asia and it causes remarkabledamages to forestry. lt can be found especially in coniferous forests and very commonlyalso in timber handling and sawing areas. Fresh logging waste and the mixture of ethanoland alpha-pinene attract the large pine weevil in early summer during the swarmingseason. lt is therefore extremely difficult to prevent the large pine weevil from breeding inlogging openings, as tree stumps and logging waste should be removed entirely in orderto prevent the development of larvae.
    A number of methods have been presented for controlling the damages from the largepine weevil. These methods may be divided into chemical and mechanical.
    The chemical methods include treating the seedlings with insecticides in the nurseriesbefore the planting, treating the seedlings with insecticides in the ground, Wherein abackpack pressure sprayer or the dipping method is usually used, or blending theinsecticide in the planting hole or soil. However, the use of chemical substances havebeen restricted or fully prohibited, since all plant-protecting agents acceptable for thecontrol of large pine weevils are extremely toxic to the water system and fish in particular.
    PG20198SEOO3Seedlings may also be protected with different kinds of mechanical solutions, the purposeof which is to prevent the large pine weevil from getting on the trunk of the seedlings. lnstructure, these mechanical solutions may be shells, cones, socks or wax- or latex-basedagent.
    EP 0 765 113 discloses a method of reducing the insect damage on the seedlings bycovering the lower part of the stem with a protective layer, such as wax or latex. The plantseedlings are placed on a tray in several rows, and in order to obtain the coating coveringthe whole circumference of the stems, the following spraying system was developed.Spraying nozzles were placed on pipes, and in order to be able to coat several rows withplant seedlings at a time, several such pipes were interconnected by forming a fork havingseveral fork fingers or several pipes arranged in parallel rows on the coating reservoir.The spraying system can either be stationary or moveable. lf the system is stationary, theplant seedlings on the tray are transported in-between the pipes, and if the system ismoveable the fork fingers or the pipes can either be transported horizontally in-betweenthe plant seedlings or vertically in-between the plant seedlings. The spraying angle, bothhorizontal and vertical can be regulated, this regulation could at least be obtained byvarying the pressure of the coating supplied to the nozzles.
    SE 506 271 discloses a device for application of an insect-proof medium to saplings. Thedevice includes a locating device, which places a cultivation vessel in a predeterminedposition, and a movement device, which moves the vessel with respect to the vessel anda group of directional components. The directional components each have a long spacingpart, which is introduced lengthwise by the movement into the intermediate spacebetween two adjacent plant rows. There is an inclined front part at the front end of thespacing part. The lower end of the front part is foremost in the movement direction. Thelower end fits partly over the cultivation vessel edge. A group of tubes, one for each plant,is directed towards the plant stems at a distance above the cultivation substrate. Theapplied medium is allowed to flow down from the application point along the stems of thesaplings to the upper surface of the cultivation substrate.
    These methods suffer from the disadvantage of providing an uneven distribution of theprotective layer.
    WO 2013/030771 discloses a waxing machine for applying wax to plants with a trunk,which waxing machine comprises a conveyer belt for transport of the plants and at leastone wax vat. The at least one wax vat is filled with liquid wax when the waxing machine isPG20198SEOO4in use, and is arranged for travel in a path. The at least one Wax vat, over a Waxingdistance, is arranged near the conveyer belt. Furthermore, the conveyer belt's movementand the at least one Wax vat's movement are synchronized so that the trunk of a plant onthe conveyer belt is passed over or lowered into the at least one Wax vat and coated WithWax as the plant on the conveyer belt and the at least one Wax vat travel over the Waxingdistance. The Waxing machine of WO 2013/030771 has the disadvantage of beingcomplicated.
    EP 2 638 801 describes a method for controlling Weevils belonging to the familyCurculionidae, comprising the steps Where a tree seedling is planted in soil and, inconnection With the planting, a layer of protective material is applied on the soilsurrounding the seedling. This method is very time-consuming, since large areas need tobe treated.
    Another apparatus for mechanical protection of seedlings is disclosed in EP 2 250 877.The apparatus disclosed in EP 2 250 877 is configured for applying a tube-shaped sleeveonto a seedling standing in a cultivation cell formed in a cultivation cassette comprising atleast one roW of cultivation cells. The apparatus comprises positioning means forpositioning of the cultivation cassette relative to a holder for sleeves, movable and drivenfor reciprocating motion in the length direction of a seedling to effect insertion of theseedling into a sleeve such that the sleeve extends about the seedling in at least a portionof the length of the seedling.
    WO 91/12717 discloses a method of preventing the advance of insects by placing amechanical barrier in the path of the insects. The barrier has the form of a materialcomposed of a large number of thin, thread-like fibers Which are loosely placed togetheror loosely joined together to form a manageable material composition, such that Whencoming into contact With the material, an insect can experience the fibers as being thethreads of a cobWeb and be repelled thereby.
    The methods suggested in EP 2 250 877 and WO 91/12717 imply that the material usedfor mechanical protection Will remain in the environment even When no longer needed,Which may negatively affect other species naturally occurring in the area.
    EP 1 427 282 discloses a formulation With particles of a controlled particle sizedistribution, fixed in an elastic coating, that is applied, either separately or in mixture, inorder to prevent attacks by gnaWing animals, especially insects, to seedlings. ThePG20198SEOO5particles must be distributed on the covered or coated surface, so that the principaldistance between tNo particles is less than the width of the pine weevil's snout. Then thesnout cannot be inserted between two particles. The particulate material has a narrowparticle size distribution with a mean particle diameter preferably in the range 0.1 to 0.5mm. This method has the disadvantage of making great demands on the particle sizedistribution in order to provide an effective protection of the seedlings. Further, theprotective layer obtained according to this method is rather uneven, which may providesites wherein the pine weevil is able to damage the plants.
    Therefore, there exists a need for new, efficient and environmentally friendly method forprotection of seedlings. The present invention provides such a method, as well as anapparatus for protection of seedlings.
    DEFINITIONSBy “seedling” is meant a potted young plant or sapling, particularly conifer sapling,intended to be set out, for instance in an open ground or a clear-cut area.
    By “culture vessel” is meant a container comprising a plurality of seedlings arranged inFOWS .
    By “culture medium” in meant the medium in which the seedlings are planted, for instancesoil, sand, mould, peat or mixtures thereof.
    By “liquid medium” is meant a medium suitable for application to the seedlings in order toprevent damage of the seedlings. The liquid medium may be paint, particularly latex paint,glue, wax, but also insecticides, fungicides or the like.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAccording to the present invention, an apparatus for application of a liquid medium toseedlings is provided. The seedlings comprise trunks extending in a vertical direction andbeing arranged in rows in a culture vessel. The seedlings may be of any suitable botanicalspecies; however, the most common type of seedlings that needs to be treated using theapparatus of the present invention is conifer saplings, such as pines and spruces.
    The apparatus comprises a first aligning means movable in a first horizontal direction anda displacement means arranged to provide a displacing movement between the culturevessel and the first aligning means. The first aligning means may be in the form of at leastPG20198SEOO6two parallel rods or rulers, wherein one of the terminal points of each rod or ruler isinterconnected with the adjacent terminal points of any adjacent rod or ruler. ln otherwords, the first aligning means may be comb-shaped. The first aligning means is arrangedto be inserted betNeen the rows of seedlings. Alternatively, the culture vessel comprisingrows of seedlings may be displaced in relation to the first aligning means such that therows of seedlings are inserted in the aligning means and becomes positioned between therulers of the aligning means. The purpose of the first aligning means is to position theseedlings in straight rows and to hold the seedlings in place in order to increase theprecision of the application of the liquid medium. Even if the seedlings are arranged inrows in the culture vessel, there may be alignment imperfections, which are eliminated bythe aligning means. The number of rods or rulers in the first aligning means may vary. Thenumber of rods in the aligning means may for instance correspond to the number of rowsin the culture vessel. Preferably, the number of rods in the aligning means is from 2 to 15,but any other number of rods is conceivable. Further, the rods may be of any suitablecross-sectional shape, such as circular, rectangular, square, pentagonal or rhombic, aslong as the rods are insertable between the rows of seedlings. The spacing distancebetween two adjacent rods may vary, and can be selected depending on the size of theseedlings to be treated. Preferably, the distance between two adjacent rods may be in theinterval from 5 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 7 mm to 10 mm, more preferablyapproximately 8 mm. The distance between two adjacent rods should be large enough notto damage the seedlings, and small enough to provide a sufficient support for theseedlings. High uniformity of the seedlings provides a possibility for diminishing distancebetween the rods.
    The apparatus of the present invention further comprises an application means movablein the vertical direction and arranged to deliverthe liquid medium to the trunks of theseedlings. Further, the application means is arranged to deliver the liquid medium to thetrunks of the seedlings during a vertical movement along the trunks of the seedlings.
    The application of the liquid medium may be performed during a downward verticalmovement, i.e. while the application means is moving down along the trunks of theseedlings. ln such an embodiment, the application means is brought into a startingposition being arranged at a suitable point on the trunks of the seedlings, for instancefrom 10 to 20 cm from the uppermost layer of the culture medium in which the seedlingsare grown. The application means is then activated to deliver the liquid medium during thePG20198SEOO7vertical downward movement of the application means from the starting point to an endpoint being arranged just above the uppermost layer of the culture medium.
    Alternatively, the application of the liquid medium may be performed during an upwardvertical movement, i.e. while the application means is moving up along the trunks of theseedlings. ln such an embodiment, the application means is brought into a startingposition being arranged at the uppermost layer of the culture medium in which theseedlings are grown. The application means is then activated to deliver the liquid mediumduring the vertical upward movement of the application means from the starting point to asuitable end point, for instance a point being arranged from 10 to 20 cm above theuppermost layer of the culture medium. Application of the liquid medium during theupward vertical movement has the advantage of providing less risk for damaging thebranches of the seedlings, since during the upward vertical movement of the applicationmeans along the trunk, the branches that may be caught by the application means willbecome aligned With the trunk, and released to their original position when the applicationof the liquid medium is completed and the application means is removed.
    Sometimes it may be desired to make several subsequent applications of the liquidmedium to the seedlings. ln this case, the liquid medium may be applied sequentiallyduring upward and downward vertical movements. The liquid medium may also beapplied in several application steps performed during a vertical movement, wherein eachapplication step is performed in the same vertical direction, i.e. upward vertical movementor downward vertical movement.
    The application means is arranged to move with a speed of from 10 mm/s to 80 mm/sduring the delivery of the liquid medium. The speed of the application means can beadjusted depending on the type of the liquid medium to be applied, as well as the desiredthickness of the deposition of liquid medium on the trunk. The speed of the applicationmeans may be constant or may vary during the same application step. Also, the speed ofthe application means may be constant at each application step, or may be changed fromone application step to another, depending on the properties of the seedlings to be treatedat each step.
    The application means may further be movable in a horizontal direction. The horizontaldirection of the application means may coincide with the horizontal direction of thealigning means, or may be different from the horizontal direction of the aligning means.
    For example, the horizontal direction of the application means may be perpendicular toPG20198SE008the horizontal direction of the aligning means. When the application means is movable ina horizontal direction, the application means is inserted betvveen the rows of seedlings ina culture vessel in the horizontal direction of the application means and positioned at itsstarting point as described above. The application means is then activated to deliver theliquid medium during the upward vertical movement, downward vertical movement, or asequence of downward and upward vertical movements from the starting point to an endpoint as described above.
    The apparatus according to the present invention may further comprise a second aligningmeans. The second aligning means is movable in a second horizontal directionperpendicular to the first horizontal direction of the first aligning means, such that thesecond aligning means may be inserted betvveen the rows of seedlings perpendicularly tothe first aligning means. The second aligning means may be of the same construction asthe first aligning means, i.e. comb-shaped. The distance between each two adjacent rodsof the second aligning means may be in the interval from 5 mm to 20 mm, preferably from7 mm to 10 mm, more preferably approximately 8 mm. As mentioned above, the distancebetween each two adjacent rods should be large enough not to damage the seedlings,and small enough to provide a sufficient support for the seedlings.
    When the second aligning means is inserted between the rows of seedlingsperpendicularly to the first aligning means, each seedling will be enclosed in a rectangularor square space delimited by the first and second aligning means. The size of the spaceenclosing each seedling depends on the distance between the rulers of the first andsecond aligning means. The space enclosing each seedling may be from 5x5 mm to20x20 mm, preferably from 7x7 mm to 10x10 mm, more preferably approximately 8x8mm.
    Providing a second aligning means as described above is advantageous, since when thesecond aligning means is present, the seedlings are securely held in the desired position,which increases the precision of the application step, thus avoiding staining of thebranches of the seedlings as well as the apparatus and the space around it with the liquidmedium, which in turn keeps the apparatus and the space around it clean and tidy,provides more vital plants and keeps the consumption of the liquid medium to a minimum.
    The application means according to the present invention may comprise a plurality ofconduits, wherein each conduit comprises a plurality of nozzles. The conduits may beinterconnected by a duct, such that a flow of the liquid medium is supplied through thePG20198SEOO9duct to the interconnection point, wherein the flow is subsequently split to enter theconduits. Alternatively, the flow of the liquid medium in each conduit may be independentfrom the flow of the liquid medium in the other conduits of the application means. ln suchan embodiment, it is possible to change the flow of the liquid medium in each conduitindependently from each other, which makes the apparatus more flexible.
    As mentioned above, the conduits may be movable in a first horizontal direction beingparallel with the first horizontal direction of the first aligning means, such that the conduitsmay be inserted between the rows of seedlings parallel with the first aligning means.
    Alternatively, the conduits may be movable in a first horizontal direction being parallel withthe second horizontal direction of the second aligning means, such that the conduits maybe inserted between the rows of seedlings parallel with the second aligning means.
    According to the present invention, the nozzles may be arranged such that at least twonozzles are directed towards each of the seedlings. The number of nozzles being directedtowards each seedling may vary, for instance from two to six nozzles. Preferably, theapplication means of the apparatus according to the present invention comprises fournozzles. ln orderto achieve an even application of the liquid medium, the nozzles arepreferably evenly distributed around the circumference of the trunks of the seedlings.Thus, when two nozzles are used, the nozzles are preferably positioned opposite to eachother, i.e. with an angle of 180° in relation to each other, the nozzle outlets facing eachother and pointing towards the trunk. When three nozzles are used, the angle betweenthe nozzles is preferably 120°, when four nozzles are used the angle may be 90°, and soon. The distance between the nozzle outlets should be small enough to minimize thedistance from each of the nozzle outlets to the trunk, and large enough not to damage theseedling. When four nozzles are used, the distance between the nozzle outlets measuredbetween the adjacent edges of the nozzle outlets may be 10-40 mm, preferably 15-30mm.
    According to the present invention, the conduits may be movable in two perpendicularhorizontal directions. ln such an embodiment, the conduits are inserted between the rowsof seedlings in a first horizontal direction being parallel with either the first horizontaldirection of the first aligning means, or the second horizontal direction of the secondaligning means as described above. Thus, the conduits become positioned at a certaindistance from the trunks of the seedlings. The conduits are then displaced in a secondhorizontal direction being perpendicular to the first horizontal direction of the conduits,PG20198SEOOsuch that the distance between the conduits and the trunks is diminished, and theseedlings become locked by the nozzles, which will ensure accurate application of theliquid medium. When four nozzles are used, the distance between the nozzle out|etsmeasured between the adjacent edges of the nozzle out|ets when the conduits have beendisplaced in the second horizontal direction may be 1-5 mm, preferably 2-4 mm, morepreferably 3 mm.
    The conduits of the application means according to the present invention may furthercomprise a supporting rim running along each conduit, comprising an outer edge portionand being arranged at the upper portion of each conduit. The supporting rim has anextension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the conduit, suchthat the outer edge of the supporting rim protrudes beyond the conduit in the transversedirection of the conduit. The supporting rim provides additional support for seedlings,which allows greater variations in the diameter of the seedling trunks. The distancebetween the outer edge portions of the supporting rims arranged at two adjacent conduitsmay be 4-11 mm, preferably 5-8 mm, more preferably 6 mm. The supporting rim may beattached to the upper portion of the conduit by sandwiching the supporting rim betweenthe upper portion of the conduit and a fastening strip of material superimposed with theupper portion of the conduit, and attaching the fastening strip to the conduit by fasteningmeans. The supporting rim may be manufactured from any material suitable for thepurpose, such as metal, plastic, rubber, or the like. Preferably, the supporting rim is hardenough to provide support for the seedlings arranged between the conduits, and softenough not to damage the seedlings. The fastening strip may be of any material suitablefor the purpose, such as metal, plastic or the like. The fastening strip may be permanentlyor detachably attached to the conduit. The permanent fastening means may be glue,welds or rivets. The detachable fastening means may be bolt and nut, screws, clamps,brackets or the like.
    The apparatus according to the present invention may further comprise a plant liftingmeans. The plant lifting means is arranged to displace the seedling in relation to theculture vessel in the vertical direction by lifting the seedlings either by grasping the topportion of the seedlings, or pushing towards the culture medium of the seedlings throughopenings arranged at the bottom portion of the culture vessel. The latter alternative hasthe advantage of providing a lower risk for damaging the seedlings. The purpose of liftingthe seedlings is to facilitate application of the liquid medium all the way to the point wherethe trunk is in contact with the culture medium. Another reason for lifting the seedlings isPG20198SEOO11to centre the seedling inside the space defined by the aligning means as described above,in cases when the seedlings are not centred inside the culture vessel.
    When the plant lifting means is arranged to lift the seedlings by pushing through theopenings arranged at the bottom portion of the culture vessel, the plant lifting means maybe positioned below the culture vessel in the vertical direction and may comprise aplurality of pushing bars for pushing each of the seedlings in an upward vertical direction.Each pushing bar is activated to be inserted into a corresponding opening at the bottomportion of the culture vessel and to push the culture medium such that the seedling isdisplaced in the vertical direction.ln order to make the deposited layer of liquid medium more even, the apparatus accordingto the present invention may further comprise a shaker. The shaker may be in the form ofa device comprising a horizontal surface on which the culture vessel is positioned afterthe liquid medium has been applied, and a vibration means for providing vibratingmovements of the shaker. The vibrating movements of the shaker will be transferred tothe liquid medium on the trunks and will cause the liquid medium to vibrate as well, whichin turn will result in a more even layer of liquid medium.ln order to deliver the liquid medium to the application means, the apparatus according tothe present invention may comprise a pumping means. The pumping means may be ofany kind suitable for the purpose and known to the person skilled in the art. Particularly,the pumping means may comprise a membrane pump, a servomotor and a plurality ofdispensing chambers. Each of the dispensing chambers may comprise an inlet, an outletand a piston arranged inside the dispensing chamber. The dispensing chamber may be ofany suitable shape, such as cylindrical. The piston is movable inside the dispensingchamber between a start position wherein the dispensing chamber is filled with the liquidmedium, and a stop position, wherein the piston has emptied the dispensing chamber byforcing the liquid medium through the outlet out from the dispensing chamber, and into theapplication means. The volume of the dispensing chambers may be varied by providingthe dispensing chambers with a volume control means, for instance in the form of amovable plate arranged outside the dispensing chambers, and being able to define thestart position of the piston. The number of dispensing chambers may vary depending onthe capacity and the desired flexibility of the application means. Thus, one dispensingchamber may be arranged per conduit, meaning that the flow of the liquid medium to eachPG20198SEOO12conduit may be adjusted independently. Further, one dispensing Chamber may bearranged per nozzle, providing a system comprising even more flexibility.
    When the liquid medium is about to enter the dispensing chamber, the piston inside thedispensing chamber is in its stop position, the in|et is open, while the out|et is closed. Theliquid medium is forced by the pump into the dispensing chamber through the in|et, thuscausing the piston to move from the stop position towards the start position and filling thechamber with the liquid medium. When the piston has reached its start position as definedeither by the maximum volume of the dispensing chamber or by the volume controlmeans, the pump stops running, the in|et is closed, the out|et is opened, and the pistonstarts moving, for instance by action of the servomotor, from the start position towards thestop position, thus forcing the liquid medium through the out|et to the application means.When the piston reaches its stop position, the dispensing chamber is emptied, the out|etis closed, the in|et is open, and the cycle is repeated.
    The pumping means according to the resent invention may be arranged to deliver theliquid medium to the nozzles at a speed from 0.4 ml/s to 5.4 ml/s per seedling. The speedof the liquid medium depends on the quality of the seedlings, and the nature of the liquidmedium applied to the seedlings and the desired thickness of the deposited layer of liquidmedium.
    The present invention further relates to a method for application of a liquid medium toseedlings arranged in rows in a culture vessel. The method comprises the steps of:a) providing a culture vessel comprising seedlings, the seedlings comprisingtrunks extending in a vertical direction and being arranged in rows in the culturevessehb) positioning a first aligning means between the rows of seedlings as describedabove either by inserting the first aligning means between the rows ofseedlings, or by displacing the culture vessel comprising rows of seedlings inrelation to the first aligning means such that the rows of seedlings are insertedin the aligning means and becomes positioned between the rulers of thealigning means; andPG20198SEOO13c) providing an application means arranged to deliver the liquid medium to thetrunks of the seedlings, the application means being movable in the verticaldirection.The method according to the present invention further comprises the step ofd) delivering the liquid medium to the trunks of the seedlings during a verticalmovement along the trunks of the seedlings.
    As described above, the application of the liquid medium may be performed during adownward vertical movement, an upward vertical movement, or sequentially duringupward and downward vertical movements. Application of the liquid medium during anupward vertical movement has the advantage of involving less risk of damaging thebranches of the seedlings, since during an upward vertical movement of the applicationmeans along the trunk, the branches that may be caught by the application means willbecome aligned with the trunk, and released to their original position when the applicationof the liquid medium is completed and the application means is removed.
    The speed of the application means during the delivery of the liquid medium may be from10 mm/s to 80 mm/s. The speed of the application means is preferably adjustable anddepends on the quality and properties of the seedlings, the nature of the liquid mediumapplied to the seedlings, and the desired thickness of the layer of the liquid medium.
    The method according to the present invention may further comprise the step of insertinga second aligning means betNeen the rows of seedlings perpendicularly to the firstaligning means, in a case when the second aligning means is present. lf the secondaligning means is present, the step of inserting the second aligning means betNeen therows of seedlings perpendicularly to the first aligning means occurs betvveen the steps b)and c), i.e. after the step of positioning the first aligning means between the rows ofseedlings, but before the step of providing the application means.
    The method according to the present invention may further comprise a step d') of insertingthe application means between the rows of seedlings in a first horizontal direction parallelwith the first aligning means. lf this step is present, it occurs between steps c) and d), i.e.after the step of providing an application means, but before the step of delivering the liquidmedium to the trunks of the seedlings.
    PG20198SEOO14Alternatively, step d') may be the step of inserting the application means between therows of seedlings in a first horizontal direction parallel with the second aligning means,wherein this step occurs betNeen steps c) and d).
    The method of the present invention may further comprise a step d”) of displacing theapplication means in a second horizontal direction being perpendicular to the firsthorizontal direction of the application means. lf present, this step occurs between steps d')and d), i.e. after the step of inserting the application means between the rows ofseedlings, but before the step of delivering the liquid medium to the trunks of theseedlings. As described above, the step of displacement of the application means in thesecond horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction of the applicationmeans brings the nozzles of the application means closer to the trunks and at the sametime locks the seedlings between the nozzles of the application means, thus improving theapplication accuracy.
    The method according to the present invention may further comprise the step of lifting theseedlings from the culture vessel, for instance through the action of the plant lifting meansdisclosed above. lf the step of lifting the seedlings is present, this step occurs immediatelybefore step c), step d'), or step d”), i.e. immediately before providing the applicationmeans, before inserting the application means between the rows of seedlings, or beforedisplacing the application means in a second horizontal direction.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFig. 1 depicts the apparatus according to the present invention;Fig. 2 shows the apparatus of the present invention, wherein the first aligning means isinserted between the rows of seedlings (seedlings not shown);Fig. 2A depicts the apparatus of the present invention, wherein the application meanscomprises a supporting rim;Fig. 3 shows the apparatus of the present invention, wherein the second aligning meansis inserted between the rows of seedlings (seedlings not shown);Fig. 3A illustrates a detailed view of the apparatus of the present invention, wherein thefirst and second aligning means are inserted between the rows of seedlings;PG20198SEOOFig. 3B is the detailed view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3A seen from above;Fig. 4 shows the apparatus of the present invention, wherein the seedlings are locked bythe nozzles of the application means;Fig. 4A is the view of the apparatus depicted in Fig. 4 seen from above;Fig. 4B is a detailed view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 4;Fig. 4C is a detailed view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 4;Fig. 4D is a detailed view of the apparatus of the present invention, wherein the seedlingsare locked by the nozzles of the application means, and wherein the application meanscomprises a supporting rim;Fig. 5 illustrates the apparatus according to the present invention, wherein the applicationmeans is in its stop position;Fig. 6 shows the apparatus wherein the application means is removed;Fig. 7 depicts the apparatus of the present invention, wherein the first aligning means isremoved;Fig. 8 illustrates the apparatus wherein the second aligning means is removed, andwherein the culture vessel is released;Fig. 9 depicts a perspective view of the pumping means of the apparatus according to thepresent invention, wherein the dispensing chambers are filled;Fig. 10 depicts a side view of the pumping means illustrated in Fig. 9;Fig. 11 depicts a perspective view of the pumping means of the apparatus according tothe present invention, wherein the dispensing chambers are empty;Fig. 12 depicts a side view of the pumping means illustrated in Fig. 11.
    PG20198SEOO16DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED E|/|BOD|/IENTSFig. 1 illustrates the apparatus 1 for application of a liquid medium to the seedlings 2 (notshown) arranged in rows in a culture vessel 3. The culture vessel 3 depicted in Fig. 1 mayas a maximum comprise forty seedlings, arranged in five rows comprising eight seedlingseach. However, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the culture vessel comprises twenty-four seedlings, arranged in three rows with eight seedlings in each row. ln theembodiment depicted in Fig. 1, the apparatus 1 comprises a first aligning means 4comprising nine rulers, a second aligning means 6 comprising four rulers, and anapplication means 5. Both the first and the second aligning means 4, 6 are comb-shaped.The application means 5 according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is in the form of sixconduits 7, each provided with a plurality of nozzles 8 such that four nozzles are directedtowards each seedling 2. ln order to achieve an even application of liquid medium, thenozzles 8 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the trunks of the seedlings 2such that the angle between the nozzles is 90°. As mentioned above, the distancebetween the nozzle outlets should be small enough to minimize the distance from each ofthe nozzle outlets to the trunk, and large enough not to damage the seedling. Thedistance between the nozzle outlets measured between the adjacent edges of the nozzleoutlets is 23 mm.
    Apparatus 1 further comprises a plant lifting means 9 provided with a plurality of pushingbars 10 for pushing through the holes arranged at the bottom portion of the culture vesselthereby lifting the seedlings. ln order to facilitate lifting of the seedlings, the apparatusmay further comprise an irrigation means (not shown), arranged upstream from theportion of the apparatus depicted in Fig. 1. Passing through the irrigation means makesthe culture medium in which the seedlings 2 are grown moist and soft, and therefore easyto move relatively the culture vessel 3 without damaging the root system of the seedlings2 when the seedlings are lifted.
    As may be seen in Fig. 1, the first aligning means 4 is positioned above the plant liftingmeans 9, and the application means 5 is arranged parallel with the first aligning means 4.
    The culture vessel 3 is displaced in the horizontal direction x in relation to the first aligningmeans 4 by a displacement means (not shown), which for instance may be a conveyorbelt or a pusher. Thus, the culture vessel 3 will take the position shown in Fig. 2, whereinPG20198SEOO17the culture vessel is positioned above the plant lifting means 9, and the seedlings 2 (notshown) are inserted between the first aligning means 4 and application means 5.ln Fig. 2A, the conduits 7 of the application means comprise a supporting rim 11 runningalong each conduit 7. As mentioned above, the supporting rim 11 provides additionalsupport for the seedlings 2, which allows greater variations in the diameter of the seedlingtrunks. The supporting rims 11 are attached to the upper portion of the conduits 7 bysandwiching the supporting rim 11 between the upper portion of the conduit 7 and afastening strip of material 12 superimposed with the upper portion of the conduit 7, andattaching the fastening strip to the conduit by fastening means 13.ln the step shown in Fig. 3, the second aligning means 6 has been displaced in thesecond horizontal direction y perpendicular to the first horizontal direction X of the firstaligning means 4, such that the second aligning means 6 is inserted between the rows ofseedlings 2 (not shown) perpendicularly to the first aligning means 4. When the secondaligning means 6 is inserted between the rows of seedlings 2 perpendicularly to the firstaligning means 4, each seedling will be enclosed in a rectangular or square space 14delimited by the first and second aligning means 4, 6 in a manner depicted in Fig. 3A and3B. ln the embodiment shown in Fig. 3A, the size of the space 14 enclosing each seedlingis approximately 8x8 mm. As mentioned above, the second aligning means 6 securelyholds the seedlings in the desired position, which increases the precision of theapplication step.
    Figs. 4, 4A and 4B depicts the apparatus 1 according to the present invention, whereinthe conduits 7 have been displaced in the second horizontal direction y, such that thedistance between the conduits 7 and the trunks is diminished, and the seedlings 2become locked by the nozzles 8, which will ensure accurate application of the liquidmedium. The distance between the nozzle outlets measured between the adjacent edgesof the nozzle outlets when the conduits have been displaced in the second horizontaldirection y is 3 mm (Fig. 4C).
    Fig. 4D shows the apparatus 1, wherein the conduits 7 have been displaced in the secondhorizontal direction y, and wherein the conduits 7 comprises the supporting rims 11. Asmay be seen in Fig. 4D, the distance between the outer edge portions of the supportingrims 11 arranged at two adjacent conduits 7 is 6 mm.
    PG20198SEOO18As discussed previously, the apparatus 1 according to the present invention providesapplication of the liquid medium to the seedlings during a vertical movement along thetrunks of the seedlings 2. ln the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the application means 5have been displaced upwards in the vertical direction z, and the liquid medium has beenapplied to the seedlings 2 (not shown). Thus, the position of the application means 5depicted in Fig. 5 corresponds to the end point of the application step described above.
    When the application step is completed, the conduits 7 of the application means 5 aredisplaced in the horizontal direction y, thus releasing the seedlings 2. Then, theapplication means 5 is displaced in the vertical direction z beyond the vertical extension ofthe seedlings, as shown in Fig. 6. Then, the first aligning means 4 is displaced in thehorizontal direction z, such that the first aligning means 4 is retracted from the rows of theseedlings 2 (Fig. 7). Finally, the culture vessel 3 is displaced in the horizontal direction y,such that the seedlings 2 are released from the second aligning means, as shown in Fig.8. The seedlings may then be subjected to the subsequent step in the treatment process,which may be shaking or drying.
    Fig. 9 depicts the pumping means which may be used in the apparatus of the presentinvention for delivering of liquid medium to the seedlings. As described above, thepumping means may comprise a membrane pump (not shown), a servomotor 16 and aplurality of dispensing chambers 15. Each of the dispensing chambers 15 may comprisean inlet 17, an outlet 18 and a piston 20 arranged inside the dispensing chamber15. Thepiston 20 is movable inside the dispensing chamber 15 between a start position whereinthe dispensing chamber is filled with the liquid medium (Figs. 9 and 10), and a stopposition, wherein the piston 20 has emptied the dispensing chamber 15 by forcing theliquid medium through the outlet 18 out from the dispensing chamber 15, and into theapplication means 5 (Figs. 11 and 12). The volume of the dispensing chambers 15 maybe varied by providing the dispensing chambers 15 with a volume control means 19,preferably in the form of a movable plate arranged outside the dispensing chambers 15,and being able to define the start position of the piston depicted in Figs. 9 and 10. Thenumber of dispensing chambers may vary depending on the capacity and the desiredflexibility of the application means. ln the embodiment shown in Figs. 9-12, the pumpingmeans comprises six dispensing chambers 15, one dispensing chamber 15 for eachconduit 7.
    PG20198SEOO19When the liquid medium is about to enter the dispensing chamber 15, the piston 20 insidethe dispensing chamber 15 is in its stop position, the in|et 17 is open, while the outlet 18 isclosed, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12. The liquid medium is forced by the pump into thedispensing chamber 15 through the in|et 17, thus causing the piston 20 to move from thestop position towards the start position and filling the dispensing chamber 15 with theliquid medium. When the piston 20 has reached its start position as defined either by themaximum volume of the dispensing chamber 15 or by the volume control means 19, thepump stops running, the in|et 17 is closed, the outlet 18 is opened, and the piston 20starts moving, for instance by action of the servomotor 16, from the start position towardsthe stop position, thus forcing the liquid medium through the outlet 18 to the applicationmeans 5. When the piston 20 reaches its stop position, the dispensing chamber 15 isemptied, the outlet 18 is closed, the in|et 17 is open, and the cycle is repeated.
    Although the present invention has been described with reference to variousembodiments, those skilled in the art will recognise that changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention. lt is intended that the detailed description beregarded as illustrative and that the appended claims including all the equivalents areintended to define the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (28)
    [1] 1.
    [2] An apparatus (1)for application of a liquid medium to seedlings (2), said seedlingscomprising trunks extending in a vertical direction z and being arranged in rows ina culture vessel (3), said apparatus (1) comprising a first aligning means (4)movable in a first horizontal direction x, a displacement means arranged to providea displacing movement betvveen said culture vessel (3) and said first aligningmeans (4), said first aligning means (4) being arranged to be inserted betweensaid rows of said seedlings (2), and an application means (5) arranged to deliversaid liquid medium to the trunks of said seedlings (2), said application means (5)being movable in the vertical direction z, characterized in that said applicationmeans (5) is arranged to deliver said liquid medium to said trunks of saidseedlings (2) during a vertical movement along said trunks of said seedlings (2).The apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein said application means (5) isarranged to deliver said liquid medium to said trunks of said seedlings (2) duringan upward vertical movement along said trunks of said seedlings (2).
    [3] The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein saidapplication means (5) is arranged to move with a speed of from 10 to 80 mm/sduring the delivery of said liquid medium.
    [4] The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein saidapplication means (5) is movable in a horizontal direction.
    [5] The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein saidapparatus (1 ) further comprises a second aligning means (6), said second aligningmeans (6) being movable in a second horizontal direction y perpendicularto thefirst horizontal direction X of said first aligning means (4), such that said secondaligning means (6) may be inserted between said rows of said seedlings (2)perpendicularly to said first aligning means (4).
    [6] The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein saidapplication means (5) comprises a plurality of conduits (7), each conduit (7)comprising a plurality of nozzles (8).
    [7] The apparatus (1) according to claim 6, wherein said conduits (7) are movable in afirst horizontal direction being parallel with the first horizontal direction X of saidfirst aligning means (4), such that said conduits (7) may be inserted between saidrows of said seedlings (2) parallel with said first aligning means (4).
    [8] The apparatus (1) according to claim 6, wherein said conduits (7) are movable in a first horizontal direction being parallel with the second horizontal direction y of said
    [9] PG20198SEOO
    [10] 10.
    [11] 11.
    [12] 12.
    [13] 13.
    [14] 14.
    [15] 15.
    [16] 16.
    [17] 17.
    [18] 18.
    [19] 19. 21 second aligning means (6), such that said conduits (7) may be inserted betweensaid rows of said seedlings (2) parallel with said second aligning means (6). The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein said nozzles (8) arearranged such that at least tvvo nozzles (8) are directed towards each of saidseedlings (2), such as from two to six nozzles (8), preferably four nozzles (8). The apparatus (1) according to any one of claims 6-9, wherein said conduits (7)further comprises a supporting rim (11) running along each conduit (7), whereinsaid supporting rim (11) comprises an outer edge portion and is arranged at theupper portion of each conduit (7). The apparatus (1) according to c|aim 10, wherein the distance between the outeredge portions of the supporting rims (11) arranged at tvvo adjacent conduits (7)may be 4-11 mm, preferably 5-8 mm, more preferably 6 mm. The apparatus (1) according to claims 6-11, wherein said conduits (7) are movablein two perpendicular horizontal directions. The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein saidapparatus (1 ) further comprises a plant lifting means (9). The apparatus (1) according to c|aim 13, wherein said plant lifting means (9) isarranged below said culture vessel (3) in said vertical direction z and comprises aplurality of pushing bars (10) for pushing each of the seedlings (2) in an upwardvertical direction. The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein saidapparatus (1 ) further comprises a shaker. The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein saidapparatus (1 ) further comprises a pumping means. The apparatus (1) according to c|aim 16, wherein said pumping means comprisesa membrane pump, a servomotor and a plurality of dispensing chambers (15).The apparatus (1) according to c|aim 16 or 17, wherein said pumping means isarranged to deliver said liquid medium to said nozzles (8) at a speed from 0,4 ml/sto 5,4 ml/s per seedling. A method for application of a liquid medium to seedlings (2) arranged in rows in aculture vessel (3), said method comprising the steps of: a) providing a culture vessel (3) comprising seedlings (2), said seedlings (2)comprising trunks extending in a vertical direction z and being arranged in rows in said culture vessel (3); PG20198SEOO
    [20] 20.
    [21] 21.
    [22] 22.
    [23] 23.
    [24] 24.
    [25] 25.
    [26] 26.
    [27] 27. 22 b) positioning a first aligning means (4) between said rows of said seedlings(2): c) providing an application means (5) arranged to deliver said liquid mediumto the trunks of said seedlings (2), said application means (5) beingmovable in the vertical direction z; characterized in that said method further comprises the step of d) delivering said liquid medium to said trunks of said seedlings (2) during avertical movement along said trunks of said seedlings (2). The method according to claim 19, wherein said delivering of said liquid medium tosaid trunks of said seedlings (2) occurs during an upward vertical movement ofsaid application means (5) along said trunks of said seedlings (2). The method according to any one of claims 19-20, wherein the speed of saidapplication means (5) during the delivery of said liquid medium is from 10 mm/s to80 mm/s. The method according to any one of claims 19-21, wherein said speed of saidapplication means (5) is adjustable depending on the properties of said seedlings(2)- The method according to any one of claims 19-22, wherein said application means(5) is movable in a horizontal direction. The method according to any one of claims 19-23, wherein said method furthercomprises the step of inserting a second aligning means (6) betNeen said rows ofsaid seedlings (2) perpendicularly to said first aligning means (4), and wherein thisstep occurs between the steps b) and c). The method according to any one of claims 19-24, wherein said method furthercomprises step d') of inserting said application means (5) between said rows ofsaid seedlings (2) in a first horizontal direction parallel with said first aligningmeans (4), wherein this step occurs betNeen steps c) and d). The method according to any one of claims 19-25, wherein said method furthercomprises step d') of inserting said application means (5) between said rows ofsaid seedlings (2) in a first horizontal direction parallel with said second aligningmeans (6), wherein this step occurs betNeen steps c) and d). The method according to any one of claims 19-26, wherein said method furthercomprises step d”) of displacing said application means (5) in a second horizontaldirection being perpendicular to said first horizontal direction of said application means (5), wherein this step occurs between steps d') and d). PG20198SEOO 23
    [28] 28. The method according to any one of claims 19-27, wherein said method furthercomprises the step of lifting said seedlings (2) from said culture vessel (3), wherein this step occurs immediately before step c), step d'), or step d”).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3104681A1|2016-12-21|
    SE539275C2|2017-06-13|
    PL3104681T3|2020-04-30|
    DK3104681T3|2020-01-06|
    LT3104681T|2020-01-27|
    EP3104681B1|2019-10-02|
    WO2015117993A1|2015-08-13|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1450140A|SE539275C2|2014-02-10|2014-02-10|An apparatus and method for applying a liquid medium to tree plants|SE1450140A| SE539275C2|2014-02-10|2014-02-10|An apparatus and method for applying a liquid medium to tree plants|
    DK15705222.6T| DK3104681T3|2014-02-10|2015-02-04|APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING A LIQUID MEDIUM ON SEEDS|
    PCT/EP2015/052258| WO2015117993A1|2014-02-10|2015-02-04|An apparatus and a method for application of a liquid medium to seedlings|
    PL15705222T| PL3104681T3|2014-02-10|2015-02-04|An apparatus and a method for application of a liquid medium to seedlings|
    EP15705222.6A| EP3104681B1|2014-02-10|2015-02-04|An apparatus and a method for application of a liquid medium to seedlings|
    LTEP15705222.6T| LT3104681T|2014-02-10|2015-02-04|An apparatus and a method for application of a liquid medium to seedlings|
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